बोलोन्या प्रक्रिया
एक यूरोपीय उच्च शिक्षा सुधार जो 49 देशों में एक एकीकृत डिग्री संरचना (3-वर्षीय बैचलर + 2-वर्षीय मास्टर + 3-वर्षीय डॉक्टरेट) बनाता है।
1999 में 29 हस्ताक्षरकर्ता देशों (अब 49) के साथ शुरू की गई बोलोन्या प्रक्रिया ने भाग लेने वाले देशों में डिग्री संरचनाओं को सामंजस्यपूर्ण बनाकर European Higher Education Area (EHEA) बनाया। त्रि-चक्र प्रणाली (बैचलर/मास्टर/डॉक्टरेट), ECTS क्रेडिट ढांचा, और गुणवत्ता आश्वासन मानक सीमाओं के पार छात्र एवं शैक्षणिक गतिशीलता को सक्षम बनाते हैं। बोलोन्या से पहले, यूरोपीय डिग्री प्रणालियाँ नाटकीय रूप से भिन्न थीं — कुछ देशों में बैचलर के समकक्ष कुछ नहीं था, जबकि अन्य 5-वर्षीय अविभाजित मास्टर कार्यक्रमों का उपयोग करते थे। इस प्रक्रिया की गतिशीलता एवं पारदर्शिता में सुधार के लिए प्रशंसा की गई है किंतु कार्यक्रम विविधता को कम करने और एक-आकार-सभी-के-लिए एंग्लो-अमेरिकी मॉडल थोपने के लिए इसकी आलोचना भी की गई है।
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